American Ginseng is a plant having leaves growing in a circle. The flowers are umbrella shaped and are yellowish green in color. American ginseng can be used only if it is four to six years old. Hence, it is expensive, but, is now grown on farms. American ginseng roots and the root hairs are used to make products. American ginseng is more relaxing than the Asian ginseng that has stimulating effects. American ginseng is available in water and alcohol extracts, capsules, powders and tablets. This is also obtainable in various combinations and herbs. American ginseng is not recommended for children. This herb helps in strengthening the body as well as in treating disease. These can trigger side effects and also can interact with other supplements, herbs or medications. The side effects of American ginseng include insomnia, anxiety, high blood pressure, diarrhea, vomiting, vaginal bleeding, nosebleed, headache and breast pain. Women in the stages of breast feeding or pregnancy are not recommended.

Biotin, also known as vitamin H, but is more commonly called Biotin. It is a vitamin which is B-complex in nature and is water soluble. Biotin helps in transferring carbon dioxide along with helping in various metabolic reactions. A steady blood sugar level can also be maintained by the help of biotin. Hair and nails are strengthened by the consumption of biotin. Therefore, a lot of hair and cosmetic products use biotin as one of its ingredients. The body’s daily requirement of vitamin B7 is produced by the intestinal bacteria. This therefore reduces the chances of vitamin B7 deficiency. There a large number of foods that contain biotin in large quantities. Swiss chard, tomatoes, liver,eggs, almonds, cumcuber, cauliflower, legume, soybeans, raspberries, carrots are some of those foods.

Boron is a trace element required by our body for proper metabolism of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. It has many medicinal uses and helps in preventing arthritis, reduces the severity of rheumatoid arthritis, reduces congestive heart failure, decreases the severity of fungal infections and helps in the production of estrogen. It is also useful for body building, in cancer therapy, improves brain function, helps in bone building, helps in preventing blood clots, used in cancer therapy, ensures proper embryonic development, lowers plasma lipid levels, prevents post menopausal osteoporosis, helps in preventing blood clots, helps to maintain proper cell membrane function and it serves as enzyme inhibitors.

Calcium, is a supple gray alkaline earth metal, which is the fifth most abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust. Calcium is also at the fifth most profuse dissolved ion in seawater by both molarities and mass. Calcium is a significant nutrient that we require in our bodies. It has many imperative functions. It helps getting strong teeth and bones and is involved in muscle contractions and blood clotting, The calcium is mainly stored in our teeth and bones. Low calcium level may lead to the bone fractures and in some cases porous bones or osteoporosis, generally in old age. The intake of calcium can drop down the high blood pressure, maintain your heart functions, avert gum disease, prevent colon and rectum cancer, and help blood to clot.

Chloride is an electrolyte that works with potassium and sodium. Electrolyte dissolves in water and carries an electrical charge, and because human body is made up of water, the Chloride can easily move around the cells of the body. Chloride helps in carrying the nutrients in the body, ridding the body of excess water and regulating the acidity in the body. Chloride also plays an important part in process of metabolism and digestion. Chloride is an essential element that makes up Hydrochloric acid in the stomach that used for digestion. Chloride helps in losing weight safely because it promotes better metabolism and better digestion while ensuring the proper nutrients are distributed in the body.

Chromium is a natural trace mineral in human nutrition and is needed for proper metabolism of sugar in humans. It is vital for metabolism of fats and carbohydrates. It helps move blood sugar from the bloodstream into cells to be utilized as energy and turn fats, carbohydrates, and proteins into energy. Chromium helps stimulate fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, which are needed for brain function and other body processes. It activates numerous enzymes that are required to drive many chemical reactions essential to life. Chromium supplements also improve glucose tolerance in people with Turner's syndrome, a disease associated with glucose intolerance. It is also vital for insulin metabolism. It regulates hunger and decreases cravings.

Coenzyme Q10- The vitamin-like Coenzyme Q10 or (CoQ10) is a fat soluble substance, found in all human cells. It acts as an antioxidant thus helping the body to get rid of free radicals and facilitating biochemical reactions that produce energy in the body cells. It is found mainly in the mitochondria where the cells make energy. Since mitochondria are found in abundance in the heart and liver cells, these cells naturally contain CoQ10 too. Needless to say, those who suffer from heart disease are the one who have relatively low CoQ10 too, as the heart cannot function to its full capacity if CoQ10 is not adequately present. CoQ10 deficiency may also give rise to periodontal disease though there isn’t enough evidence to prove so. However, it has been found that those suffering from this disease have relatively less CoQ10.

Copper, a trace element that is essential for the human body. Copper is needed to absorb and utilize iron in the body. Copper is a part of enzymes, essentially proteins that assist biochemical reactions in cells.

Folic Acid, also known as Vitamin B9 or Folacin is a water-soluble vitamin. It is very essential to several bodily functions including nucleotide synthesis to the remethylation of homocysteine. Vitamin B9 is also very important during the periods of rapid cell division and growth and thus it is essential that pregnant women have an adequate intake of folic acid. This is also because Vitamin B9 helps protect against a number of congenital malformations like spina bifida etc. Vitamin B9 should be a part of the diet of both adults and children as it is required to produce healthy red blood cells as well as prevent anemia. It is also necessary for fertility in both men and women. It isn’t difficult ingesting vitamin B9 since it is present in green leafy vegetables like spinach, lettuce, beans, peas, sunflower seeds, liver, baker’s yeast etc.

Ginkgo Biloba has been used since ancient times to treat numerous health ailments. In fact, it happens to be one the oldest living trees in the world. Ginkgo biloba owes most of its popularity to its ability to fight the effects of aging. However, this does not mean that this is the sole factor that has made it so popular worldwide. It is used in treating neurological disorders, circulation problems, mental fatigue, dizziness, tinnitus, and headache. It also helps in improving concentration and memory and even treating hearing loss in elderly people. People suffering from asthma have also experienced great relief with regular use of Ginkgo Biloba extract supplements. Its usage is also apt in relieving cold hands and feet, swelling in limbs, and chronic arterial bondage.

Grape seed is the seeds of the ordinary grapes. They are used primarily because they have polyphenols recognized as anti oxidants. Research confirms numerous health benefits of grape seed extracts; they limit lipid oxidation, thus controlling high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels. Grape seeds contain phenolics, which are useful in treatment of heart disease because they inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce inflammation, however, the results are preliminary and more research is being done to confirm these facts. A polyphenol contained in grape seeds is resveratrol which may inhibit cancer cell growth and proliferation, and it may also be active against HIV by inhibiting expression and replication of the genome of the virus.

Hesperidin is found in abundance in citrus fruits and is a flavanoid. It is commonly found in the white parts of the fruit or the pulps of the peel. Hesperidin is not limited to fruits and can be found in many green vegetables as well. According to many studies it acts as an antioxidant for the human blood vessels. Most of the studies are in its preliminary stages, but this has showed significant signs of reducing diseases like blood pressure and cholesterol. The nature of Hesperidin helps release histamine from the mast cells which help reduce the occurrence of hay fever and other allergies.

Iodine, a necessary element used by the body to make the thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine. These Thyroid hormones are needed to maintain a healthy metabolic rate and cellular metabolism.

Iron is one of the most commonly available chemical elements which are used in the form of metal. When in the presence of oxygen and moisture, iron gets oxidized very easily. Therefore it is never available on the surface of earth. Iron is a metal whose properties can be changed by mixing it with the various other metals. Humans need iron as a daily dietary substance. There are a number of supplements available in market which provides the daily required dose of iron. But the best way to consume iron is by eating the food that is rich in iron. Fish, poultry, beans, lentils, leafy vegetables are some of food items that are a good source of iron. Although, research shows that it is easier to digest the iron found in meat and meat products than the vegetables.

Kelp, which describes any of several large broad-fronded brown seaweeds. Kelp seaweeds are rich sources of minerals and trace elements, especially iodine, which is essential to the proper functioning of the thyroid gland.

Lecithin is needed by every cell in the body and is a key building block of cell membranes; without it, they would harden. Lecithin protects cells from oxidation and largely comprises the protective sheaths surrounding the brain. It is composed mostly of B vitamins, phosphoric acid, choline, linoleic acid and inositol. Although it is a fatty substance, it is also a fat emulsifier.

Magnesium, which is a mineral used by the body to help maintain muscles, bones, and nerves. Magnesium is also needed for energy metabolism and protein synthesis.

Manganese is a trace mineral that has long been associated with musculoskeletal health. It activates enzymes in the body that is necessary for the production of collagen and proteoglycan, components of connective tissue. It also aids in the absorption of calcium in the body. It helps prevent the development of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Manganese helps in the digestion and utilization of vitamin E in the body that makes it a potent antioxidant. It fights free radicals from damaging the cells that may lead to premature aging, heart problems and cancer. It alleviates premenstrual syndrome (PMS) such as mood swings and nausea.

Mixed Carotenoids- Carotenoids are naturally occurring organic pigments. They are found in the chloroplasts and chromoplasts of plants and in some other photosynthetic organisms like algae, fungus and some bacteria. Mixed carotenoids are a mixture of carotenoids obtained from plant sources through the process of solvent extraction. The main component of a typical mixture is lutein. Other components include Variable amounts of neoxanthin, violaxanthin and ? -carotene. Supplements containing mixed carotenoids of different types are shown to have significant beneficial health effects. Carotenoids reduce the risk of chronic illnesses and also function as an anti-oxidant. The physiological functions of carotenoids include functioning as a free-radical scavenger; they also enhance the vertebrate immune system.

Molybdenum is essential in regulating pH balance in the body, enhancing the body’s ability to burn fat. Very small amounts are needed. Molybdenum is necessary for the proper function of certain enzyme-dependent processes, including the metabolism of iron. Molybdenum also promotes normal cell function and helps in the activation of certain enzymes, it is a key component of the metabolic enzyme xanthine oxidase. Molybdenum is found in the liver, bones and kidneys. It supports bone growth and teeth strength. A deficiency may cause impotence in older men. High intakes of sulfur and diets high in refined and processed foods may decrease molybdenum levels.There is no recommended dietary allowance for molybdenum.

Niacin is an essential B vitamin, in cellular energy used for the promotion of healthy cardiovascular function, nervous system function, and immune function. Niacin nutritionally manages cholesterol levels already within the normal range. Also known as vitamin B3, niacin is one of a complex of B vitamins that are essential for good health. Niacin is so-called nicotinic acid, known also as nicotinamide. It helps regulate blood sugar and also works at cellular level protecting the skin and enhances the digestive system. And being an originator of the amino acid tryptophan, it can be made by tryptophan in the body. It’s also a coenzyme playing an important role in body metabolism. Supplements of vitamin B3 are also known to reduce levels of bad cholesterol and increase good cholesterol in the blood.

Nickel- If you consider going back to Chemistry class, you may remember the chemical element Nickel. It has a chemical symbol of Ni and 28 is its atomic number.  If its physical property is going to be discussed, it looks like some sort of rock with a silver color. During ancient times, Nickel was always being confused with silver or metal – but take note that Nickel is very different from these two elements. Magnets are made up of Nickel. The things that you normally see in the industry are made up of Nickel – guitar strings, alloys, batteries and even coins. It is a great thing that Nickel had been discovered 3500 years ago – without it, can you even imagine what life would be?

Pantothenic Acid is also called vitamin B5 (a B vitamin). Its chemical formula is C9H17NO5 and Mol. Mass is 219.23 g mol-1 . It is a water soluble type of Vitamin B and an essential nutrient for life. Pantothenic acid is critical in the metabolism and synthesis of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. It is used in some hair and skin care products .Pantothenic acid supplements are used to fulfill vitamin deficiency. Research also shows that these supplements reduce the duration of morning stiffness, degree of disability, and pain severity in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Phosphate (Phosphorus) is the chemical element with the atomic number 15 in the periodic table. It is not found as a free element anywhere in the world. In biology and biochemistry it may be the most important element, being present in all living cells of living species. It is present in the DNA, in the RNA, in ATP, but is also found in cell membranes in form of phospholipids. It is also present in the bones, where it builds calcium phosphate salts, responsible for strong bones. Apatite is a collection of phosphate minerals which are generally found in bones and teeth; namely bromapatite, fluorapatite, chlorapatite and hydroxyapatite. Several phosphates are being added to body building supplements and powders, intended to aid in skeletal and cellular strength improvement.

Potassium is an electrolyte, a substance that maintains the fluid levels in the body. It is helpful in regulating blood pressure and heart function. Intake of potassium can benefit people suffering from hypertension. Research has found that a potassium supplement intake decreased incidence of stroke by 60 percent. It neutralizes acids and restores alkaline salts to bloodstream.  It acts along with sodium cells to maintain or restore membrane potentials. Potassium is also vital for nerve functioning and cardiovascular, and regulates nutrients’ transfer into cells and adds to muscle energy. It also helps recuperative powers, besides regulating water balance. Potassium is beneficial for eliminating wastes. It is helpful in controlling headaches and convulsions, and quickens healing of cuts, bruises and other injuries.

Riboflavin, also called Vitamin B2, is naturally manufactured by the body. Riboflavin is needed for the proper use of oxygen and amino acids, carbohydrates and fatty acids. Riboflavin is also utilized by Vitamin B6 in the body and is used to manufacture niacin. Riboflavin is especially needed when eating large amounts of protein.

Rose Hips- High in Vitamin C, rose hip is the pomaceous fruit or seed pod of the roses. Usually found in red to orange or dark purple to black color, this fruit is not poisonous. However, rose hips from plants that have been treated with pesticides should not be used. Rosa Canina (dog rose), R. moschata and R. rubiginosa are few species referred to as rose hips. With the intake of these fruits in a powdered form, you can get vitamin E, C and K naturally. It not only helps in treating several infections like flu and cold but it can also speed up the healing of skin irritation and bruises. Rose hips taken in capsule form can provide you relief from sore throat and inflammation. It is also useful in treating breast cancer and uterine cramps.

Rosemary Extract is derived from a common household herb commonly used in cooking. It contains carnosol, carnosic acid, and caffeic acid which are potent antioxidants that prevents free radicals from damaging the tissues and the cells which may cause serious illness such as cancer and heart problems. It increases the concentration, focus and memory retention. It stimulates the brain and the nerves which help alleviate the mood from depression, mental fatigue and forgetfulness. It is easily absorbed by the intestine, and aids in preventing indigestion, flatulence, and stomach cramps. Rosemary extract is also an effective anti-inflammatory agent, that helps relieves the symptoms of arthritis.

Rutin is a bioflavonoid that consists of the flavonol quercetin and disaccharide rutinose. It also includes hesperidin, eriodictyl and citron that plays an important role in the absorption of Vitamin C. Rutin may be found in vegetables and fruits such as apple peels, citrus, broccoli and onions. It has anti-inflammatory effects that alleviate symptoms of osteoarthritis and Chrohn’s disease. It also strengthens the capillaries that prevent the hardening of arteries, and high blood pressure. Rutin also contains catechins that fight free radicals from damaging the cells and tissues that may cause diseases such as cancer, strokes, senility, premature aging, and arteriosclerosis. Rutin also aid in controlling the blood cholesterol level.

Selenium is considered good for health if taken in small amounts. It is a trace mineral which when incorporated into protein, makes selenoproteins that helps stop cellular damage due to free radicals. The major source of selenium is plant foods and its content in the food depends on the selenium content in the soil where it was grown. Also known as selenium acid, selenium sulfide and selenium yeast, this mineral is available in seafood and meat products. The main function of selenium is to work with vitamin E in order to maintain the elasticity and preservation of tissues. It not only helps in improving the supply of oxygen and blood to the muscles in the heart but also slows down the aging process by enhancing endurance.

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Spirulina Powder is derived from spirulina cyanobacteria that grow in tropical countries like Thailand. It is a good source of vitamin B12 that improves and maintains healthy nerves. It contains gamma linolenic acid (GLA) that is present in mother’s milk that has potent immune system booster. It has phytonutrients that aids in detoxifying and cleansing the body from harmful toxins that may cause serious illness. Spirulina Powder is also rich in beta carotene, essential amino acids, calcium, vitamin E, vitamin D and protein. It helps in the synthesis of the enzymes in the body that are important in regulating the metabolism. It is also an effective antioxidant that protects the cells from free radical damages.

Thiamine, also called Vitamin B1 or Thiamin, is needed to help the body utilize energy from proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Thiamine is commonly found in breads and cereals. Thiamine is water-soluble and is concentrated in muscle tissue as it passes thru the body.

Tin is considered to be a trace mineral or micromineral that is found in small amounts in the body. it is found in most of the human tissues particularly in the supra-renal glands, liver, spleen, brain and thyroid gland. It is noted to decrease the symptoms of asthma. It also helps ensure proper growth, enhances the appetite. Tin also helps in alleviating pains, headaches, treat skin problems and improves digestion. It also helps prevent hair loss and hearing loss. It is also found to help increase positive mood and feeling of well being. It also helps increase energy and prevents fatigue.

Tocotrienol Complex may be found in common vegetable oils, soy, wheat germ, sunflower, oat, barley, rye, and virgin palm oil. Tocotrienol Complex is part of the vitamin E group. It is an important nutrient that has potent anti-oxidant effects and protects the DNA from free radical damages. It helps control the blood cholesterol level by lowering the LDL cholesterol in the body and inhibiting the liver from producing it. It may even help reverse arterial blockage and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. It is also used in cosmetic and sunscreen products because it protects the skin and reduces the absorption of ultraviolet radiation that may cause premature aging. It help maintain the skin moisture.

Trace Mineral Complex is a combination of various minerals that are important for the overall health. It is referred to as trace minerals or microminerals. The body only needs small levels of these minerals to be effective. It is naturally present in the body in almost negligently small level such as boron, selenium, copper and zinc. Deficiency in copper and manganese may cause weak and brittle bones due to low bone density. While calcium is known to increase and improve bone health, supplementing it with trace minerals makes it more effective and efficient. Studies also showed that deficiency in vanadium caused skeletal deformation. Vanadium stimulates collagen production that helps keep the bones healthy, strong and flexible.

Vanadium is a chemical element, which is listed in the list of elements as number 23, defining its atomic number. It is a metal and does not have a prominent role in human biology. It has shown in rats and chickens that a vanadium deficiency may result in reduced growth and reproduction deficiencies. Vanadium sulfate is deemed a very popular dietary supplement for the interaction with blood insulin. While providing some glucose control in people suffering from type 2 diabetes, proof for the claimed effect with body building athletes has not yet been scientifically established. In athletes with high levels of energy requirements a stabilized blood sugar may result in prolonged endurance, furthermore, vanadyl sulfate has gained popularity because of the apparent muscle recovery effect.

Vitamin A is a vitamin is needed by the retina of our eye in the form of a specific metabolite, the light-absorbing molecule retinal. This molecule is absolutely necessary for both scotopic and color vision. It also palys an important role in mainating body health, such as skin health, bone metabolism and immune function. Vitamin A is also commercially produced and administered as esters such as retinyl acetate commonly called Vitamin A acetate. Its defeciency can cause blindness. Some other problems include impaired immunity, keratosis pilaris and squamous metaplasia of the epithelium lining the upper respiratory passages and urinary bladder to a keratinized epithelium.

Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, which is naturally found in foods such as fish, milk and milk products, eggs, meat and poultry. Vitamin B12 is important for good health, necessary for the proper digestion and absorption of foods and for normal metabolism of carbohydrates, and fat. It helps maintain healthy nerve cells and red blood cells and is needed to make DNA. Vitamin B12 is bound to the protein in food. Hydrochloric acid in the stomach releases B12 from protein during digestion. Unlike other water-soluble nutrients, vitamin B12 is stored in the liver, kidney, and other body tissues. It can take several years before signs of the deficiency appear due to poor dietary intake. Vitamin B12 functions as a "methyl donor." A methyl donor is a compound that carries and donates methyl groups to other molecules, including cell membrane components and neurotransmitters. As a methyl donor vitamin B12 is involved in homocysteine metabolism and plays a critical role in proper energy metabolism, immune function, and nerve function. Therefore, vitamin B12 is clearly an added benefit for anyone wanting to lose weight, as without it, metabolism is not at its peak potential.

Vitamin B6 is one of the most important vitamins that play an essential role in the development and keeping the immune system healthy. Vitamin B6 is water soluble that contains pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoxamine. It is needed by the body in various functions such as red blood cell metabolism and conversion of the amino acid tryptophan to the vitamin niacin. It is also important in ensuring the efficient function of the nervous and immune systems. It helps manufacture proteins and neurotransmitters, haemoglobin, and prostaglandins. It also helps balance the hormones. Vitamin B6 is known to help give relief to women suffering from menopausal symptoms, and premenstrual syndromes. It also helps reduce the incidence of breast cancer.

Vitamin C- The essential nutrient L-ascorbic acid, or rather Vitamin C, is necessary for a wide plethora of metabolic reactions in almost all living beings. In humans, Vitamin C is vital in the collagen synthesis. While most beings are able to make it internally, apes and humans cannot. Interestingly enough, while widely promoted as the best dietary source of Vitamin C, Oranges are dwarfed by the Kakadu plum, which has sixty times the amount. Prominent are rose hips, blackcurrant, red peppers, parsley, the kiwifruit, broccoli, redcurrant, several berries including strawberries and raspberries, as well as more exotic fruits and vegetables like Camu Camu, acerola, seabuckthorn, Indian gooseberry, jujube, guava and baobab. Tomatoes, while very popular Vitamin C source in the US, are very low on the Vitamin C scale.

Vitamin D- The fast soluble vitamin D is perhaps the most underrated nutrient that is produced when sunlight touches the skin. But it is extremely vital for bone health, as without it the body cannot absorb the calcium that you may provide it in the form of supplements. With the advent of beauty products with high sun protection factor, this nutrient is becoming less available to our bodies. Even weaker sunscreens with just SPF-8 prevent the body considerably from producing vitamin D. Diseases such as arthritis, diabetes, certain cancers, multiple sclerosis, and even schizophrenia may stem from deficiency of this vitamin. You can provide vitamin D to your body through supplements and foods like mushrooms, tuna, eggs, dark green leafy vegetables, salmon, sardines, mackerel, fortified dairy products and cereals, yoghurt, and milk.

Vitamin E is an antioxidant that is known for protecting the tissues of the body from damage caused by free radicals.

Vitamin K- The lipophillic, hydrophobic vitamins needed for the posttranslational modification of certain proteins is denoted by the Vitamin K. It is required mostly for blood coagulation. K3, K4 and K5 are the three types of synthetic Vitamin K that are used in many areas. Pet food industry makes use of Vitamin K3 whereas Vitmanin K5 is used to inhibit fungal growth. The main sources of vitamin K are spinach, cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage and a few fruits like kiwifruit and avocado. Recent research shows that vitamin K helps in increasing bone mass. Research also shows that the consumption of vitamin K helps in promoting osteotrophic processes while at the same time slowing the osteoclastic processes. This process is done by achieving the calcium bonding in the bones.

Zinc is acknowledged as essential to the human organism. It is a trace element found in over a hundred and up to three hundred enzymes. It is the second most important mineral in the body, after iron. Zinc is also defined as an important catalytic agent, which is active in enzymatic reactions such as hydroxilation, which is essential for the protein forming amino acid proline, but also for hypoxia response. Zinc is naturally found in red meat, milk, spinach, nuts, oysters, beans and oats. Low zinc counts can attribute to a weakened immune system, interfere with muscle building, cause diarrhea and all kind of other deficiencies. In body building circles, Zinc is an important supplement, valued for the indirect increment of testosterone and the muscle building role.