Phosphatidic Acid is an acid form of phosphatidat. It is one of the major constituents of cell membranes. Its chemical formula is C5H9O8P and Mol.mass is 228.094. Structurally it consists of a glycerol backbone with a saturated fatty acid, which is bonded to carbon-1, an unsaturated fatty acid bonded to carbon-2, and a phosphate group bonded to carbon-3. Phosphatidic acid is used in many medicines because it plays very important roles in cells; it is a precursor for the biosynthesis of many lipids, and its physical properties influence membrane curvature. Research also shows that Phosphatidic acid recruits cytosolic proteins to appropriate membranes by acting as a signaling lipid.

Phosphatidylethanolamine, also called Cephalin, is the second most abundant phospholipid in animal and plant lipids. It occurs especially in blood plasma and the white matter of the central nervous system. It is found in all tissues, and is helpful in converting free serine into choline, increasing the levels of acetylcholine and energizing cholinergic pathways. This provides the advantage of producing an increase in memory retrieval efficiency while improving balance and coordination. Phosphatidylethanolamine is a key building block of membrane bilayers as it is often the main lipid component of microbial membranes and can amount to 20% of liver phospholipids and as much as 45% of brain phospholipids.

Phosphatidylinositol, made up of glycerol fatty acids, is considered to be the most acidic type of lipid or phospholipid that plays an important part in the metabolic process. It is most abundant in the brain tissue. Phosphatidylinositol acts like a transporter that helps in transferring nutrients and energy across the cell membranes. It also plays an important part in the transmission of signals for neurotransmitters and hormones which helps in regulating serotonin and insulin levels, and in reducing the blood cholesterol and breaking down of fats. Phosphatidylinositol could also help in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and depression. It also benefits the cognitive function of the brain by aiding in memory enhancing and in treating Alzheimer’s disease.

Soy Phospholipids & Glycosides- Soy extracts naturally contain phospholipids and glycosides; the former are compounds in which a lipid (fat) molecule has a phosphate group bonded to one of the carbons. Phospholipids form an essential structural component in the cells by constituting the cell membrane. Soy phospholipids are used in making liposomes , which are basically vesicles enclosing a space surrounded by a membrane similar to the cell membrane. Liposomes find many uses from nanocosmetology to targeted drug delivery to organs. The benefits of soy glycosides are a subject of active scientific research, they are ostensibly believed to promote bone formation, inhibit certain hormone related cancers by having estrogenic and anti estrogenic effects, etc.

Vitamin C- Perhaps the most popular vitamin, L-ascorbic acid is viewed as an essential nutrient and is required to synthesize collagen in humans. The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid, or Vitamin C for short, is the famous ingredient of oranges and other citrus fruits. It has been said that a glass of pure squeezed orange juice provides the daily requirement of Vitamin C. While the antioxidant function is deemed important, other biosynthetic functions are of vital significance. It provides an electron for eight different enzymes, besides the aforementioned synthesis of collagen; it aids the synthesis of carnitine and neurotransmitters, synthesis and catabolism of tyrosine and the metabolism of microsome. The additional function as a reducing agent, keeping iron and copper at bay is an additional trait.